how did martial arts spread globally?
Globalization of Martial Arts
The effects of global media have exponentially increased martial arts’ dissemination. Historically, martial arts developed around zones and sites of conflict and antagonism, and their spread or dissemination was linked to the cultural and social diasporas that spread out from these historical sites. However, since the 1970s, the easy availability of media and multimedia images, representations, accounts and even manuals has taken control of the ability of martial arts styles to spread and transform.
Means of spreading martial arts globally:
- TV
- Film
- Print media
- Multimedia
Media has increasingly freed knowledge or awareness of martial arts styles from specific cultural contexts. In the process, martial arts have become increasingly deracinated and commodified.
Jujutsu, judo and karate first became popular among the mainstream from the 1950s–1960s. Due in part to Asian and Hollywood martial arts movies, most modern American martial arts are either Asian-derived or Asian influenced.
Martial arts once required the presence of the authentic master, whether “authentically” ethnically East Asian or, more recently, authentically ex-military or ex-tournament champion. However, over time, the internationalization of martial arts has gradually loosened the belief in the importance of an “authentic” master as a guarantee of a style’s legitimacy. Nevertheless, for a long time throughout the twentieth century, authenticity and legitimacy were largely associated with ethnicity. Thus, masters were associated with migrant communities, ethnic lineages, and geographical regions. After that, legitimacy came to be associated with military or sporting accomplishments. So, over time, martial practices have been severed from former historical locations and feats.
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